The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution

Ben Jorgensen Professor Wakefield English 5 3 April 2013 The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution What was the driving force behind the French Revolution? Many people may say it was financial, or political, and while I would agree that these things were part of the force that propelled the French Revolution, I would assert that the philosophies of the Enlightenment were the dominant force that blasted late eighteenth century France into revolution . In his article, â€Å"The French Revolution: Ideas and Ideologies â€Å"Maurice Cranston of History Today articulates that the Enlightenment philosophies were pivotal in the revolutions inception. He writes that: â€Å"The philosophes undoubtedly provided the ideas.† Cranston goes on to†¦show more content†¦The King shared his powers with nobody, and was answerable for its exercise to nobody but God.† (21) The ancien regime government lacked reason, but was bursting with more than its fair share of divine laws and rights that the â€Å"creator† had set in place in order to insure social stability. In fact, as Doyle points out in his book, this concept that God had set forth a divine law to be followed was directly stated in a document that parliament wrote: â€Å"This social order is not only essential to the practice of every sound government: it has its origin in divine law.† (24) The document goes on to say that: â€Å"The infinite and immutable wisdom in the plan of the universe established an unequal distribution of strength and character, necessarily resulting in inequality in the conditions of men within the civil order†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (24) This document summed up the ancien regimes ideology: God has placed the king the clergy, and aristocracy above the common people and that is how it is, because that is how it has been. The words irrational, divine, and superstitious come up many times when describing the ancien regimes government and society; in fact, these things were actually integral to the maintenance of government and society in France during the ancien regime. Indeed, you could not have this form of government without divine law, irrational organization, and superstitious beliefs.Show MoreRelatedThe Enlightenment Principles Of Rationalism And Universal Rights1684 Words   |  7 Pagesthought became the chief values of society. Thinkers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were signposts of this era, inspiring populations locally and abroad. This revolution of ideas led to political and societal upheaval throughout the Western world. This essay will argue that the Enlightenment principles of rationalis m and universal rights shaped modern Europe and North America through the rejection of absolutist government and the movement towards an equal society. The effect of these EnlightenmentRead MoreThe Enlightenment Era Of 1620 And 1789910 Words   |  4 Pagesbooks, scientific discovery and revolution. 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Possession Is Nine Tenths Of The Law - 929 Words

Possession is nine-tenths of the law. This statement means that determining the proper proprietorship of an item is easier to regulate if one of the people claiming ownership of the item is in possession of said item. However what transpires if the item in question is actually an entire landmass? Well, in William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest, this is exactly what happens. Two characters in the play, Prospero and Caliban, lay claim to the island in which they both are inhabiting. Both Prospero and Caliban give reasons to why they believe that the island is entitled to them, some reasons good and others bad. Looking at the reasons given it is clearly shown that one is slightly more entitled to the island than the other. Prospero puts forth reasons as to why his in the entitled ruler of the island. Prospero main reasons for his alleged leadership is that he has and teaches knowledge, and Caliban tried to rape his daughter. To begin with, Prospero is the former Duke of Milan; and the reason he and his daughter his on the island is because Prospero was overthrown by his brother while he kept to his books. This establishes that Prospero is smart and throughout the story Prospero is seen as sort of a teacher to some of the characters, one of which being Caliban. Because Prospero teaches Caliban, Prospero feels that he is more deserving and capable to be the ruler of the island. Prospero bestowed Caliban with the â€Å"gift of language† but he uses this action to show that he isShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Gun Control1806 Words   |  8 Pagesowning guns. Therefore, it is hard to throw out one law to mandate all guns when there is such a diverse population in the United States. 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Education Leadership Social Responsibility â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Education Leadership Social Responsibility? Answer: Introduction The report gives an overview of leadership in business. There is description and evaluation of the relevant leadership theories along with a self-assessment done. The report provides a personal development plan that includes rationale, opportunities, strategies, timeframe, measures and resourcing. There is also discussion of influence and concept of ethics in leadership mentioned in the report. Further, the report also describes cultural context of leadership in self-development. The report also provides a scope for exploration of social responsibility on leadership. Additionally, there is also exploration of the influence of stakeholders goal and stakeholder on leadership mentioned in the report. There is also discussion about the societal influence on leadership Exploring Leadership Theories, Known Leaders, and Evaluating Own Frame of Reference Leadership defined by the art of motivating and influencing people for performing in a manner so that a common goal is achievable. In other words, leadership is the sum totals of tasks, roles and responsibilities that influence that are interpersonal (Northouse, 2015). Thus, a leader should not only be intelligent enough to solve problems but should also possess high character and integrity. Thus, effective workers not only work ceaselessly but also communicate with people for motivating them in an effective manner. However, some of the great leaders include David Cameroon, Pope Francis, Vladimir Putin and Barrack Obama. There are various theories on leadership and these when followed from time to time influences a leaders effectiveness. These theories are as follows: Trait Theory of Leadership: This is a theory that emphasizes upon the qualities and traits of leaders that ensures their effectiveness. However, trait theory cannot establish the trait that should be common to all the leaders (Fleeson Jayawickreme, 2015). The theory is also unable to explain the instances where leadership fails. Although, certain traits such as charisma, confidence and knowledge might help the leaders to act more effectively but relying on these traits might not always provide motivation for the goal stated. Application Trait theory commonly applies in the workplace. There has been great deal of research that has gone into determining the traits helpful in specific jobs. For instance, a sales person would do better if she is extrovert; a teacher would succeed if he is conscientious and a navy seal can get the job done in case he is confident and open to new experiences. Thoughtfulness Personally, I would use the theory for orientation of character while recruiting a person for sales job. In normal cases, a person might lie or even stretch the truth for getting the job. I say this because if a person is an introvert then he might lie stating to be an extrovert as might hinder his chances of getting a job. Behavioral Theory of Leadership: The behavioral theory of leadership used for identification of specific leadership behavior that leads to their success. Leaders might demonstrate people oriented or task oriented behaviors that might help them in making decisions that are either democratic or authoritarian (Turner, 2012). This resulted in different circumstances. However, the theory did not look upon the situational factors and the ambience under which such behavior demonstrated. Application: The behavioral theories applied for the preparation of the emergency and disaster management at organizational, community and individual levels. Thoughtfulness: I would apply the behavioral theory in understanding the employee behavior of my company. Thus as leader this will not only enable me to understand the attitude, performance and interpersonal skills but at the same time implement procedures and techniques for the progress of the company. Contingency Theory of Leadership: According to contingency theory of leadership, the effectiveness of leadership is dependent on the interplay of situational factors, behaviors and leader traits (Northouse, 2015). There are various types of contingency model namely Fred Fiedler Contingency Model , Hersey Blanchard Situational Model, Path Goal Model, Vroom Yetton Model. Application: In real life Contingency Theories, applied for the supervision of student and teachers. However, practically I can apply this theory of contingency to global leadership that will help me understand three situational variables like position power, task structure and leader member relations. Charismatic Leadership Theory: This theory commands an authority based on charismatic personality than on formal positioning. The three core components of charismatic leadership are empowerment, empathy and envision (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). According to the theory, people who deliver extraordinary qualities to the leaders have an idealized commitment and goal. Application: Great personalities like Mother Teresa have been great examples of charismatic leadership in a real life scenario. Thoughtfulness: According to me, I would apply the above theory of leadership in my organization so that it can influence employees to deliver extraordinary qualities. Transactional Leadership Theory: As per this theory, leadership is dependent on punishments and rewards that are contingent upon follower performance (Antonakis House, 2014). This type of leadership mostly followed in business and the transactional leaders are more outcome or task oriented. Application: The Transactional Leadership Theory applied by CEOs of international companies and high-level military members. Thoughtfulness: According to me, I will apply this leadership theory when I visit new product teams and ask difficult questions thereby allowing me to understand that teams understood the goals and were on track. Transformational Leadership Theory: According to this theory, the transformational leaders have the capacity in inspiring followers with their personality and vision for the change of expectations, motivation and perception (Price Weiss, 2013). This kind of leadership theory involves four components that are intellectual simulation, inspirational motivation, consideration for individuals and idealized influence. Application: In practical life, the application of transformational leadership applied to parenting. Thoughtfulness: Personally, as a leader I would apply the transformational leadership in my organization for bringing in a positive change in both people and organization. Preparing Presenting Personal Development Plan Including Rationale, Opportunities, Strategies, Timeframe, Measures Resourcing The aim for creating a personal development plan refers to the documentation of self-analysis, honest appraisal and personal reflections of the strengths and weakness. This enables in the evaluation leadership value and management training received for future leadership development. I am working for mobile telecommunications company. However, I joined the organization while at the university and transferred to the current department following graduation where I was encouraged to undertake managerial leadership. Rationale: I should have a greater depth of knowledge in leading external business activities. I need to widen my understanding of leadership and at the same time improve my personal fitness. Resources Required: To achieve my rationale, I need support and advice from the line manager and ensure in getting a proper team feedback. Further, I need to discuss my priorities with the line manager and colleagues who are senior. For the fitness part, I will require advice from my gym fitness instructor. My Strengths My basic skills and personal administration in the company are good. I am confident that I can deal with pressures and can handle any adverse situation even with sleep deprivation. I have the ability of providing direction and effectively manage people for achieving specific task even under pressure. My Weakness At times, it becomes challenging to balance work and personal commitments. My Measure I have a leadership potential of which equivalents 3 I believe that I am in a fast track where my skills for dealing with people equivalents 4, working with authority equivalents 2 and networking capabilities includes 3. My self confidence rate is somewhere around 6 My Leadership orientation can be measured by 4 My thinking style is balanced Mt emotional intelligence stands at 13 More courage is somewhere around 7 I believe in a culture that is quite adaptable whose score stands at 48 My personal ethics can be rated as 5 I believe in incorporating power distance whose score stands at 2.5 I believe in creating a vision for the group that can be rated as 4 My strategic style is that of a innovator and can be rated as 4 I also possess a creative personality that can be rated as 11 Exploring the Concept and Influence of Ethics in Leadership Ethics considered as optional philosophy helpful for actions and thoughts of a person. The importance of ethics allows us to see that ethics is not only helpful but at the same time is necessary (Leopold, 2014). Thus, the concept of ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves in recommending, defending and systemizing concepts for determining the right or wrong conduct. Effective leadership and ethics function as an effect and cause relationship. Effective leadership is an outcome of ethical behavior (Yukl, 2012). Good ethics is necessary for promotion of characteristics required for effective leadership. However, before commencement of leadership, it is necessary for followers to accept a leader and acceptability based on trust factor considered as a primary factor of leadership that leads to promotion of long-term success. The achievement of trust can be in two ways, one where followers look at the history of leader and second where they observing them in present (Schaubroeck et al., 2013). Thus, a realistic present with good ethics and a trustworthy past can make someone a good leader. A leader with a good ethics understanding, ability to execute and develop plans of actions not only shows empathy, stability, integrity but is also receives a greater amount of trust from his followers since they enforce positive characteristics. However, the identity built with good ethics leads to the promotion of long-term success as the followers can build in more trust on their leaders that is equivalent to an effective leadership. However, there is another thing that needs consideration that in order to become effective as leader one must have followers. Thus, effective leadership determined partially by the relationships that a leader is able to build with his followers. Good ethics requires a person in developing an understanding of personal beliefs. Thus, knowing oneself allows the leader to form true and authentic relationship with others (Voegtlin, Patzer Scherer, 2012). However, without a good knowledge of ethics a person a leader is never aware of self-knowledge that no t only hampers leadership effectively but also has an impact on true relationship. Thus, without good ethics it becomes extremely difficult for the leader for developing authenticity, integrity or other traits that are responsible for an effective leadership. Absence of these qualities also hinders the development of the trust factor. Thus, effective leadership is a reflection of good ethics. Therefore, without ethics, leadership is likely to undergo failure. Exploring Leaderships Cultural Contexts in Self-development However, the cosmopolitan effect of the society have forced people to interact with people from different cultures whether it is at a professional level or at a social level. Thus effective leaders should be multifaceted and must be able to solve problems and at the same time get the job done (Giltinane, 2013). They must also be able to motivate, inspire and empower the team for adapting to changes easily. As culture influence styles of leadership similarly leadership also set the tone for culture in the organization. Six dimensions of cultural context of leadership exist that leads to self-development. These dimensions include, power distance, masculinity versus femininity, individualism versus collectivism, avoidance of uncertainty, orientation of short term versus long term and restraint versus indulgence. Power Distanceto the gap that exist between authority and subordinates. The distinction between boss and the staff is determined by the gap that exist between them.(Rinne, Steel Fairweather, 2012). To explain the Power Distance, one can draw in the example of Zappos, CEO Tony Hsieh, who believes in the self-development of employees by involving them in the decision making process. In addition to this, he also changed the layout of the office to encourage employee coordination. Individualism versus collectivism that is the second dimension deals the fact with the extent to which people search for them or is geared environment that is community based. To explain this dimension if Zappos drawn in as an example them one might see that the company follows this dimension through team orientation and face-to-face communication (Cho et al., 2013). The third dimension is masculinity versus femininity is the extent to which a culture remains effected by assertiveness, material gain and competitiveness or through relationship building and quality of life. Zappos believes in following this dimension through building of relationship with their customers (Terman, 2013). At the same time, the company also tries to build relationship amongst the colleagues. Fun events organized by the company to encourage socialization. Uncertainty Avoidance is the fourth dimension that deals with the extent to which members of a culture threatened by unknown or ambiguous situations (Hwang Lee, 2012). Thus, in the year 2008 when Zappos turnover reduced to 39 percent it was attributed the loyalty to a culture that not only cultivates passion and purpose but also humanity of employees Exploring the Influence of Social Responsibility on Leadership The influence of social responsibility on leadership goes beyond simply managing the tasks of the company. Thus, the influence social responsibility can have on leadership mentioned as follows: Social responsibility helps a leader to be prepared for a challenge regarding the logic of industry to stay in business: In this context, one can speak about Andrew Witty, the CEO of GlaxoSmithKline, who followed a completely new approach to throw down the obstacles that pharmaceutical industry faced in the issues of drug pricing (Chin, Hambrick Trevio, 2013). He believed that though his approach might face some resistance initially but will be initially get accepted by his peers. Social responsibility also allows a leader to do what is right and then work on ways to make payment: Most companies does not gain importance for until they do things for the right reason and is looked upon as unrealistic as they try to provide ways that would seem unsustainable. In this context, one can draw in the example of a company in UK named as Marshall that uncovered child labor (Low Ang, 2012). Though they had options for showing that there was nothing harmful in the supply still they did not want to engage small children in a dangerous and dirty job even though it would increase the companys cost. The leader of the company realizes that child labor is not a calculation of cost benefit equation. Helps in understanding the already set incentives of the leaders and realize that the bottom line is a wrong incentive: The entire idea of receiving stock options by the CEOs and others is about aligning their interest with that of shareholders which has not been a successful approach (Christensen, Mackey, Whetten, 2014). A situation where incentives goes terribly wrong, people always complains about incentives not being smart enough. Social responsibility also helps leaders in understanding the situation for application of rules and applies his/her common sense when outcomes seem unintended: In order to expect people behave in a certain manner training them in a proper manner is necessary (Tai Chuang, 2014). In this case, the story of a father and child described in this context where a father unknowingly buys lemonade for a son that contained some amounts of alcohol. Before even realizing it, the guards called the police and the child not only whisked to the hospital but also kept in foster home. This action was undertaken based on some similar incidents in the past. Social responsibility also helps one to understand that though people might consider someone as leader it does not simply imply that he or she is perfect: This influence of social responsibility explained through influence of leadership skills of the CEO of GlaxoSmithKline who initiated rearrangement of furniture as one of its first actions (Nemerowicz Rossi, 2014). He also made sure that the top executive team must settle at a place so that they become easily approachable when enquiring about the whereabouts of the company. This is rather a good sign that portrays him as a good leader. Exploring the Influence of Stakeholders and Stakeholder Goals on Leadership Stakeholders considered as people having vested stake or interest in the operation of a business. Prominent stakeholders are responsible having an influence in leadership for all companies (Epstein Buhovac, 2014). Thus, there should be an awareness of the impact of each type of stakeholder have on leadership. Customers as Stakeholders: Clients or customers considered the most impactful stakeholder groups for influencing long-term leadership. Without the core support of customers support it is impossible to continue the business and hence the leadership. Therefore, the leader must implement ways to satisfy them through proper delivery of services and products. Communication with them should not only be open but also transparent. Employees as Stakeholders: The 21st century organization recognizes the impact of employees on leadership. A leader who ensures fair treatment receives commitment and greater loyalty in return. Leaders must also acknowledge diversity in workforce for establishment for practice of human resource. To consider employee as assets leaders must not only promote non-discrimination at work place but also cultural sensitivity. Business Associate as Stakeholder: The collaborated suppliers and partners in business partners command attention in the decision undertaken by the leaders. When collaboration with other companies takes place then there should be a winning attitude for maintaining the interest of other company. Moreover, the business undertaken by the first company also affects the collaborated company. Thus, leaders must value such relationships and decisions must always include the values shared with other business. Communities as Stakeholders The early 21st century treats communities as distinct shareholder entity. The leaders of a company must therefore remember that beyond employees and customers their decisions have impact on communities where they operate. Thus, to gain favor from the community leaders must make decisions that also run in their favor. Exploring the Influence of Society on Leadership Organizational leaders have a great opportunity as they can positively influence people. That over 60 % of the wake hours spent as work hours therefore, the atmosphere prevailing at the work place not only influences peoples interaction within work place but also outside work. However, there may be exceptions but the leadership responsibility cannot de decided based on exceptions. Leaders can see human potential in his employees and thus implement ways for achieving the organizational goals and at the same time individual goals with a great amount of zeal (24). Thus, responsibility mixed with fun so that they can also contribute in improving the society. The leaders should thus stop confining the effects of leadership functions only at workplace. Leaders must therefore implement policies keeping in mind an overall societal development. Conclusion The report ends with exploring the influence of society on leadership. There is discussion about the influence that stakeholders and their goals have on leadership. There is also a discussion on the influence of social responsibility on leadership mentioned in the reports. The report also explores the cultural context in self-development. Further, there is also an elaboration of the concepts of ethics and influence of ethics on leadership. There is also exploration of the theories of leadership and their evaluation. The report also puts forward a personal development plan. References Antonakis, J., House, R. J. (2014). Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformationaltransactional leadership theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), 746-771. Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013). Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Chin, M. K., Hambrick, D. C., Trevio, L. K. (2013). Political ideologies of CEOs: The influence of executives values on corporate social responsibility.Administrative Science Quarterly,58(2), 197-232. Cho, Y. N., Thyroff, A., Rapert, M. I., Park, S. Y., Lee, H. J. (2013). To be or not to be green: Exploring individualism and collectivism as antecedents of environmental behavior.Journal of Business Research,66(8), 1052-1059. Christensen, L. J., Mackey, A., Whetten, D. (2014). Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(2), 164-178. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2014).Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Fleeson, W., Jayawickreme, E. (2015). Whole trait theory.Journal of Research in Personality,56, 82-92. Giltinane, C. L. (2013). Leadership styles and theories.Nursing Standard,27(41), 35-39. Hwang, Y., Lee, K. C. (2012). Investigating the moderating role of uncertainty avoidance cultural values on multidimensional online trust.Information management,49(3), 171-176. Low, K. C., Ang, S. L. (2012). Confucian leadership and corporate social responsibility (CSR), the way forward. Nemerowicz, G., Rossi, E. (Eds.). (2014).Education for leadership and social responsibility. Routledge. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Price, M. S., Weiss, M. R. (2013). Relationships among coach leadership, peer leadership, and adolescent athletes psychosocial and team outcomes: A test of transformational leadership theory.Journal of applied sport psychology,25(2), 265-279. Rinne, T., Steel, G. D., Fairweather, J. (2012). Hofstede and Shane revisited: The role of power distance and individualism in national-level innovation success.Cross-cultural research,46(2), 91-108. Schaubroeck, J. M., Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Kozlowski, S. W., Lord, R. G., Trevio, L. K., ... Peng, A. C. (2012). Embedding ethical leadership within and across organization levels.Academy of Management Journal,55(5), 1053-1078. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), 117. Terman, L. M. (2013).Sex and personality studies in masculinity and femininity. Read Books Ltd. Turner, S. M. (Ed.). (2012).Behavioral theories and treatment of anxiety. Springer Science Business Media. Voegtlin, C., Patzer, M., Scherer, A. G. (2012). Responsible leadership in global business: A new approach to leadership and its multi-level outcomes.Journal of Business Ethics,105(1), 1-16. Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention.The Academy of Management Perspectives,26(4), 66-85.

Theories of reality therapy

In the early 1960’s Dr. William Glasser, a psychiatrist, developed an approach in counseling known as the Reality therapy. This approach stipulates that current relationship and the interaction level of mental processes like thoughts and emotions influence our present behaviors. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of reality therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The use of reality therapy in groups creates a people-centered and people-friendly approach in identifying an individual’s responsibility in his or her behavior. A good relationship between the counselor and the counselee is achieved by embracing reality therapy. This therapy can be applied in limitless dimensions such as in education, where participation, relevance and reasoning have a great impact on the education system. There exist various theories of the reality therapy. These include the identity and choice theory. During the early stages of development of the reality therapy, the identity theory was mostly considered. However, later, profound improvements were incorporate to come up with the choice theory. To achieve the desired results of the reality therapy, a considerable amount of assumptions were embraced in the choice theory. This axioms included, nobody can control someone else behaviors, information is the only thing we can give or get from people, life is all about behaving, psychological problems are relationship problems, people are very creative, unsatisfying relationship is the current problem, and painful past events have a great impact on the current behavior. Nonetheless, with all these assumptions, the choice theory helps in redefining freedom and improving the standards of the current relationships. It indentifies the fundamental needs such as power, love, freedom, fun and survival. Therefore, our behaviors are influence by the desire to satisfy these needs. The choice theory is ben eficial in that, it provides adequate guidelines regarding the improvement of individual’s personality and behavior to fit the normal trend of rational human beings. The choice theory considers that people carry around images or perceptions in their brains, both of the anticipation of what they expect and the exact nature of reality. Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Notably, most individuals in their youth stage exhibit numerous characteristics of the types of personalities they would like to establish. Additionally, children develop images of the kinds of food they value and these images continuously linger in their minds. People’s perceptions need to be continuously replaced by satisfactory alternatives in order to prevent misery caused by the rigid human nature. Clarification of the human behavior is adequately covered by the theory on the pertinent matters that gov ern growth and development of manners. The choice theory of reality therapy is substantially applicable in the classroom management plan in schools. It is effective in boosting the morale of underperforming student. Using this theory, school’s psychologists can provide counseling to students with emotional trauma and behavioral disorders. School counseling creates positive therapeutic rapports and boosts the students’ self-esteem. Additionally, reality therapy is effective in coaching whether in athletics or life skills lessons. It creates a good rapport among the participants, a conducive teaching and learning environment, and a definitive purpose to objectives establishment. Moreover, the application of this theory is important in self-concept improvement, and tackling posttraumatic stress disorders and childhood obesity. During the counseling process, it is essential to incorporate the magnificent aspects of reality therapy. These aspects focus on concentrating on the present situation and avoidance of past regrets or complaints to achieve the outcome for both the counselor and counselee. The counselor needs to have an apparent understanding of the counselee’s behavior to avoid criticizing and blaming him or her. Focusing on the essentials while minimizing passing judgment and coercion significantly encourages the counselees in their resolve to improve their behaviors and personalities. A definite plan should be avoided, but rather suitable alternatives should be offered by the counselor to the counselee to avoid being subjective. This essay on Theories of reality therapy was written and submitted by user AnneMar1eH0ag to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.